The constructivism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The constructivism - Essay Example The constructivist theory is student centered not teaching centered. The teacher allows the students to make use of their knowledge and helps them in construction of their knowledge. Unlike traditional theories of learning that define a teacher as an informer or deliverer of knowledge, in construction theory, teacher is only the guide. The students are not receivers of knowledge; they conceive their previously attained knowledge and employ it in constructing new knowledge. Teachers help the students in collaborative construction of knowledge by social negotiation and reflective practice. This means that the students learn in a collaborative environment in which, he is not alone to learn but he has many more learners with him, a whole class. This can be understood by the example given at the starting of the chapter in which, the students are involved in constructing an elaborate city bus. The students did not allow Tommy to enter the bus because of his adopted role as an animal. Later on, the teacher negotiates to the students about why should animals not allowed in bus and they reflect according to their own received experiences. The students learn by collaborative construction of knowledge and they are facilitated by the teacher in terms of their learning. The teacher negotiates about their conceptions and understanding and allows them to reflect on the situation. They practice what they see and by their teacher’s help, they are able to construct knowledge that was generalized previously.

Mktg Plans Essay Example for Free

Mktg Plans Essay The type of decision-making a consumer uses for a product does not necessarily remain constant as the needs and wants of consumers are constantly changing and newer innovations are constantly being churned out to fulfill our changing needs. Nowadays what would usually involve a routine response behavior is not as simple because of the enormous variety a consumer has to choose from. There are many things that a consumer can evaluate in terms of purchasing a product; packaging, price, reputation, and whether or not there is a sale on the item can all be factors that a consumer evaluates. It might be even that the product is currently very trendy at the moment that would motivate the buyer to purchase it, which would be a case of limited decision-making. There are also many sociodemographic factors that affect the type of decision-making a consumer uses for a product. For instance, if you receive a big bonus and have more income going into your household, you may choose to use limited or extensive decision making in picking out a product with better brand recognition and of better quality. Another reasons that affect the type of decision-making a consumer uses for a product does not necessarily remain constant is for different occasions the product is being used for. For example, if someone were to attend a fancy party whose host you are trying to impress, you would use extensive decision making in order to pick out a wine that tells the host that they have class and a fine taste in wine. An example of how the type of decision-making I use has not remained constant is for my use of high-end fashion items, such as shoes from Ferragamo. If I wanted a pair of shoes from the main website I would search all over the web for the same shoes at a discounted rate for me to get the best deal on them. However, if I see shoes that I like and are on sale on the main Ferragamo site, I would buy them right away with no hesitation. Buying a high-end product at a discounted rate would lower my buyer’s remorse. A new service that is targeted at the college student market are house-cleaning services. The house-cleaning services often come in packages for a full clean up service for a minimum of 2 hours for around $65-$80. This service can be extremely profitable within the college student target market as a general conception of the college demographic is that they are fans of instant gratification. They are the ones who would rather not spend the time buying cleaning products at a store to clean their whole house, when it would only take 65 dollars (split between 2-4 roommates) for their house to be spotless in 2 hours. Although this service is offered, I don’t think they have capitalized on the college student market enough. I often hear these services through word-of-mouth or by an occasional Groupon deal. There are several different forums house-cleaning services can be offered to the college demographic in a more effective way: enhanced web presence, and cross-selling once a clie nt has been established are some of them. The main factors a house-cleaning service needs to consider when targeting a college target market are price and long-term commitments. A college student often has a limited budget on what they can spend so the cost of labor of a cleaning service has to be reasonable in order to outweigh the prospects of buying their own cleaning products at a much more affordable rate. Students are constantly on the lookout for deals and discounts and are constantly on the Internet, so Groupon, Living Social, Facebook, and Craigslist are great ways to advertise the service. The Internet is also a great source for students to research the ratings of the company offering the service because credibility of the company offering the service is highly important for a house-cleaning service since they are entering your home and have access to all your personal belongings; this is a way you can eliminate your competitors – by being the most credible and collecting the most amount of favorable reviews online. Long-term commitment is important because this is a service that needs to be used frequently in order to churn out the most amount of profit. A student must find value in having their house cleaned frequently by being pleased with the outcome of the service the first time. In order to yield customer returns and customer satisfaction, the house-cleaning service company can offer deals such as â€Å"For every 1 time you use us, you get 35% off your next house-cleaning,† or â€Å"Buy a package deal of 4 house-cleaning services for the price of 3.† They can even offer additional services such as laundry services that include cleaning, folding, and ironing. Timing is another factor a house-cleaning service can capitalize on since college students are those who want instant gratification. You can offer a service that is available 24 hours and have the job done in an hour and a half. Lastly, a house-cleaning service could take advantage of the social issues trending. Currently, while flu season is in full throttle, many students are getting sick. A house-cleaning service could advertise their flyers at a student health center or somewhere that students get flu shots with advertisements that stress on the need for a clean and germ-free house so that students can avoid getting sick. A company can create an atmosphere on its website by reflecting the same amount of value and prestige they have in there store directly onto their website. There are several factors a company needs to evaluate such as the usability of the website (whether or not it is easy to navigate, whether or not the functions work, and whether or not all the products are available), the websites atmosphere (sounds, presentation, layout ect.) The atmosphere of the website should communicate to the customer that it is a viable and reliable means of purchasing their products by making it look professional. The website atmosphere can encompass music and designs that compliment the prestige of the actual store. For example, the online store for Louis Vuitton evokes a very prestigious feel where many of the functions of the website are there for aesthetic purposes. The photographs used on the website are taken by professional photographers and the typeface is very elegant and classy. Although there is a lot of information on the website, it is very organized and flows very well in a direction that pushes a consumer to dig deeper into their site, finding more products to look at. The website is also organized in categories of their products which makes it easier to navigate around, such as shoes, dresses, and my favorite category, sale. Furthermore, there is a function on the website that allows a customer to zoom in on the product, allowing able to hone in on every inch of the product, assuring the products quality. A customer can browse the product from every angle and determine whether or not each specification of the product is suitable for them. Lastly, when a customer has decided to purchase a product, the website suggests more products for the consumer to buy that have a similar style to the one they have purchased and guarantees returns and a full refund if they are unhappy with their purchase. The process is also simple and fast, which eliminates the possibility of a consumer backing out of their purchase. It is obvious to the consumer that Louis Vuitton is a top-tier brand through its intricately and carefully designed website. The price is all extremely high, but it emphasizes its strong global presence in the most luxurious retail markets and gives you an impression that the brand is worth the money. If I were to start a pet grooming service in a town where there are two established pet groomers, I would price lower in order to gain recognition and penetrate the market. I would set my penetration price to a low price and sell my services in bundles in order to expose the services I offer as well as show that the quality of my services can match up to the existing competition. Once I have captured an interested audience, I can begin to maximize on customer loyalty strategies to keep them coming. I would constantly monitor my competition in order to learn about new services they offer as well as their prices in order to stay competitive. Since I am offering lower costs, it would be essential for me to estimate and calculate my demand and cost in order to not lose money in this endeavor. I would attempt to lower my overhead costs in running my grooming service at locations I do not have to rent, such as my house in order to yield a profit quicker. I would position my company to be a smaller, less established company who can do the job just as well as the other grooming services. I would start off by using my friends and family to bring in their pets for me to display my services on my front lawn in order to attract attention to potential customers so that their perceived quality of my services are that it is legitimate and that I take good care of their pets. Other reasons for why I would price my product low is because a pet grooming service is not a necessity, which means that in a down economy, a pet grooming service wouldn’t be anybody’s priority. Therefore a low price point can convince them that the value in having a well groomed pet is worth the money. Lastly, I would differentiate my services from my competitors in order to lower the associated price elasticity. I believe this value trade-off will drive the market to the lower-priced alternative.

Supply and Demand Analysis for the Notebook

Supply and Demand Analysis for the Notebook Introduction Of Supply And Demand In The World Supply and demand is perhaps one of the most fundamental concepts of economics, which is the backbone of a market economy. Demand refers to the number of products or services (quantity) needed by the buyer. The quantity demanded is the amounts of a product are willing to buy at a certain price. Nowadays there are many types of notebook that can be found in the market such as Acer, Dell, Lenovo and so forth. Whether it is for personal or business’s use, there are plenty of choices that customer can choose. Also, they can make choices by referring on the design, price and specifications of the notebooks which provided to them. The demand for notebook will increase but the quantity supply still constant due to the process of research and development (RD) for notebook and tablet. Although they speculate that notebook will be replaced by tablet but they still need to maintain their business by selling notebook. Graph Of Supply And Demand Of Notebook In The World Diagram 1 Diagram 1 shows a graph for the notebook’s demand increases and supply remains constant in Malaysia. Thus, the price and quantity demanded of the goods are increased when the demand is increased but the supply is still constant. Reason Of Demand Increase Supply Constant On Notebook In The world According to NPD Display Search in Quarterly Mobile PC Shipment and Forecast Report, it states that Tablets will edge out notebooks in global shipments this year. Tablet PC shipments are expected to more than 240 million, while shipments of laptops will reach about 207 million. This is the first time, Tablet PC will more than 50% of the annual market share this year, increase from around 38 percent last year and 26 percent in 2011. The graph refers to Appendix 1. Based on the statistic the emerging and mature market for notebook and tablet, the tablet shipment will ride 64 percent to 2013 from 2012. Thus, both research groups NPD and DIC have been carried out on the process of Research and Development (RD). It is because they want to know the consumer reaction on the notebook and tablet in related market. Tablet has been observed in the market which the situation of demand increases and supply constant will be happened relate the notebook. Although they speculate that notebook will be replaced by tablet at any time but they have still need to maintain their business by selling notebook. Besides that, the supply of the notebook will be remaining constant because it is easy to stock clearance through the process of Research and Development (RD). The way they are using in notebook’s stock clearance by using the promotional strategy. For example, supplier or seller can promote their notebook either gives a cheaper price to the customer who wants to purchase or give the promotion such as buy 1 free 2 to attract the customer to purchase through in Information Technology (IT) fair. Conclusion of Supply And Demand In The World Notebook is a technology that will bring convenience to customer and business user. But with the development technology nowadays, the notebook become less of demanded it is because the tablet will substitute the laptop. Thus, both research groups NPD and DIC have been carried out on the process of Research and Development (RD) to know the consumer reaction on the notebook and tablet in related market. In conclusion, the supplier of notebook can produce a new function for notebook to attract consumer to purchase and do not be replaced by tablet. It also to avoid the demanded quantity of notebook will decrease. Introduction Of Substitute Effect Substitution effect is the change in the quantity of that good consumed when the budget constraints reflect the new amount of prices, but keep the original agent indifference curve. Consumers are always spending on higher-priced goods to lower-priced ones as they tried to maintain their living standard when facing inflation. The product is considered as a substitute good in a certain period where if the price of coffee is increased, people will go for tea and vice versa. According to Geoff Riley, he said that the substitute goods such as coffee, an increase in the price of coffee will lead to an increase in demand for the tea. Thus, the cross price elasticity for two substitutes will be positive. Some of the consumers will replace to another similar good such as coffee being substituted with tea due to their salary income still constant. Besides that, they also can replace to cheaper price in coffee when they want to drink coffee such as Starbucks Coffee will be replaced to Mc Cafà ©. Substitute Good For Coffee And Tea The price of the coffee increase, there are two effects that are left behind which are the income effect where people will feel as if they are no longer can able to afford a particular good, because their monthly income and also the substitution effect where a person will replace to another similar good such as coffee being substituted with tea. According to Geoff Riley  showed that the substitute goods such as coffee, an increase in the price of coffee will lead to an increase in demand for the tea. Thus, the cross price elasticity for two substitutes will be positive. Some consumer will replace to another similar good such as coffee being substituted with tea it is because the price of coffee is higher than tea. Thus, consumers are wanted to maintain their income. According to Indexmundi show that the comparison in between the rate of change in the price of Tea and the rate of change in the price of Coffee, Other Mild Arabicas. The report refers to Appendix 2. If the price of coffee increases, the price of the tea will decrease. Thus, the demand of the tea will increase. Otherwise, consumer can replace to cheaper coffee when they want to drink coffee such as Starbucks Coffee will be replaced into Mc Cafà ©. JILL KRASNY (2012) has proposed that â€Å"McDonald’s introduced the McCafà © Cherry Berry Chiller ($2.89 for a 16-ounce cup) and McCafà © Frappà © Chocolate Chip ($3.99 for a 16-ounce). Starbucks’ Frappuccino is more expensive ($5.45 for a 16-ounce cup) than McDonald’s version.† However, the price of the coffee increases but there are some consumers still continue to drink coffee in their daily life although their income remain the same. Thus, they will consume the quantity of drinking coffee in everyday. For example, before the price of coffee increase consumer have to drink coffee everyday but when the price of coffee increase consumers will reduce consume at least 2 to 3cups per day. Conclusion Of Substitute Effect Coffee and tea is a type of beverage that people always drink in everyday. The tea will be substituted by coffee it is because the price of the coffee is increases. Thus, the consumer will change to drink tea or their drink another brand of coffee to maintain their income. The graph of relationship between substitute goods such as coffee, the price of coffee increase will influence the demanded for the tea will increase. Thus, the demanded quantity of tea increases, the price of tea is decreased. In conclusion, some consumer will change to drink tea when the price of coffee is increased and some consumer still will drink coffee although the price of coffee is increased. Thus, consumer will consume their quantity of drink coffee to maintain their income and living standard.

Why Do Fireflies Glow? Essay -- essays research papers

Why do Fireflies Glow? Fireflies have evolved the ability to send from their abdomen as a means of communication with each other. The most important reason for the flashing is for sexual communication. Flash signals have been classified into two systems. One is where a continuously glowing female attracts a non-glowing male. The second is when a female, flashes a species-specific response to a flying male, who is broadcasting a pulsating signal. There are other functions of flashing as well, such as using their luminescence for lighting up the ground during landing and walking. Fireflies also flash when captured or confined, which is thought to intimidate predators. Males can sometimes bend his light organ forward and put it in the face of the female he's mounted, flash it, blinding her since her eyes are sensitive and adapted to darkness. She will then be unable to see rival males clearly, hindering her from communicating with other potential mates. (Lloyd, 1984a). A particular genus of firefly, Photuris, has evolved quite an interesting behavior. It has learned to mimic the mating flashes of another genus, Photinus. They have "cracked" the species-specific signal codes of their prey, using their own sexual signals against them (Lloyd, 1990). When Photinus males attempt to mate with Photuris, she eats them. This phenomenon is called either aggressive mimicry or predatory responding (Copeland, 1991). T...

Changes and Continuities in Commerce in the Indian Ocean Essay

Changes and continuities in commerce in the Indian ocean region from 650 to 1750 C. E. In the period between 650 C. E. and 1750 C. E. , the Indian Ocean region endured both change and continuity. One continuity is simply trade, for this 1,100 years the Indian ocean was an important trading zone. One change in Indian ocean trade over those years was which country dominated trade their. Over those years the Indian ocean was controlled by the Indians, the Arabs, the Chinese, and last but not least the Europeans. Their was continuity and change in trade in the Indian ocean over the aforementioned years. In the Indian ocean from 650 C. E. and 1750 C. E. there have been many continuities in commerce. One such continuity was the goods traded. For instance, spices from India and Indonesia such as black pepper were traded constantly to other countries throughout this period. Luxury products such as ebony, silk and fine textiles were also commonly traded in the Indian ocean. / Another example of continuity would be that although no one country always dominated trade in the Indian ocean the Indians and Indonesians were involved with trade to varying degrees throughout this entire time period. Weather it be threw their products being traded, receiving goods from other countries, or doing the trading themselves, they were always involved in trade. / One more example of continuity was how Indian ocean trade stayed so important over the years. Almost all major world powers did trading in the Indian ocean, Europe for instance went to great lengths to find a better trade root between the Atlantic and Indian ocean. The desire to trade in the Indian ocean region is actually what caused Europeans to discover the Americas. The Europeans were looking for a sea rout to get to Asia without going all the way around Africa, so they tried to go around the world, not knowing yet of the Americas existence. Their desire to trade urged them to explore new frontiers. There are many examples of continuity in Indian ocean commerce between 650 and 1750 C. E. In the Indian ocean from 650 C. E. and 1750 C. E. there have been many changes in commerce. One change in commerce over the years was who dominated Trade in The Indian Ocean. Over the course of this time period the Indian ocean trade was dominated by the Indians, the Chinese the Arabs and even the istant European powers. Their were also changes in what goods were traded. Some trade goods like the exotic animals taken from Africa to China that weren’t traded for longer then a few decades. The reason Ming China had imported animals was because they were in an age of exploration at the time and wanted to have some animals for their exotic royal zoo. Also sen ding great explorers like Zheng He showed their ability to travel to distant lands and take what they please. Another change was how things were traded. Over the course of the 1,100 years described many changes occurred in the world of sailing. China had many of these inventions with in it’s walls before this time period. China was so Ethnocentric . that they did not spread their inventions till generations after they were made, and even then it was often by accident The compass were great improvements on how sailors navigated to their destinations. The ships them selves also changed throughout this period. The Chinese Junks were incredible ships, vastly larger then the ones Columbus used, They were equipped with cannons to defend them selves from pirates and were, in their time the most impressive ships on the water. There are changes in commerce in the Indian ocean between 650 and 1750 C. E. Many changes and continuities and in commerce in the Indian ocean occurred between 650 and 1750 C. E. Indian ocean trade can even be related to the discovery of America. Some examples of continuities are; who was involved in trade, what was traded, who dominated trade. Examples of change are; how things were traded, the importance of trade, and what was traded. There were many changes and continuities in commerce in the Indian ocean.

Free Essays on The Flowers

â€Å"The Flowers† Themes 1. In this theme it seems to be that everything is going good but you never know when it’s going it turn bad. 2. That happiness is followed by loss. 3. That the birth of something can be followed by the death or loss of something else. Major characters Myop 1.youthful 2.cheerful 3.caring 4. curious 5.playful 6. respectful 7. adventurous 8. enthusiastic 9. innocent Point of View 1. â€Å"The flower† is written in Third Person omniscient. The narrator wants the reader to see that Myop is an innocent and youthful child. When she finds the dead man her views change and not everything is so wonderful anymore. Myop realizes that the real world isn’t as nice as it really seems. Place- The short story takes place rural America. Setting- The story setting takes place around her family’s sharecropper cabin in the summer time. It also takes place in the woods behind her parent’s house. Time- 1973, This short story takes play during the feminist movement of African American. Symbolism 1. This story takes place during the late summer time it symbolizes that things are leading toward change. 2. The woods were she went with her mother in late autumn symbolized that it was about to change and the woods are mostly dark and scary. 3. Strange blue flowers with velvety ridges and a sweet suds bush full of the brown, fragrant buds. It symbolizes how she was and that it was different to her. The brown represent that something bad is about to happen. 4. Myop laid down the flowers represents the respect to the man and a closer to her that summer was over. 5. His large white teeth represent the death of this man that his spirit has been lifted. 6. The air was damp, the silence close and deep. That she will discover the death of this man.... Free Essays on The Flowers Free Essays on The Flowers â€Å"The Flowers† Themes 1. In this theme it seems to be that everything is going good but you never know when it’s going it turn bad. 2. That happiness is followed by loss. 3. That the birth of something can be followed by the death or loss of something else. Major characters Myop 1.youthful 2.cheerful 3.caring 4. curious 5.playful 6. respectful 7. adventurous 8. enthusiastic 9. innocent Point of View 1. â€Å"The flower† is written in Third Person omniscient. The narrator wants the reader to see that Myop is an innocent and youthful child. When she finds the dead man her views change and not everything is so wonderful anymore. Myop realizes that the real world isn’t as nice as it really seems. Place- The short story takes place rural America. Setting- The story setting takes place around her family’s sharecropper cabin in the summer time. It also takes place in the woods behind her parent’s house. Time- 1973, This short story takes play during the feminist movement of African American. Symbolism 1. This story takes place during the late summer time it symbolizes that things are leading toward change. 2. The woods were she went with her mother in late autumn symbolized that it was about to change and the woods are mostly dark and scary. 3. Strange blue flowers with velvety ridges and a sweet suds bush full of the brown, fragrant buds. It symbolizes how she was and that it was different to her. The brown represent that something bad is about to happen. 4. Myop laid down the flowers represents the respect to the man and a closer to her that summer was over. 5. His large white teeth represent the death of this man that his spirit has been lifted. 6. The air was damp, the silence close and deep. That she will discover the death of this man....