Literature Review of Corporate Governance and Dividend Policy Dissertation

Literature Review of Corporate Governance and Dividend Policy - Dissertation Example The global economy is confronting with an earning conflict because of excessive managerial remuneration in major enterprises throughout the world. To investigate on the perpetrators of economic recession, the high managerial pay and extreme risk taking activities were cited as prime suspects. Among the two issues, the managerial pay leads to the primary focus and incited many public as well as political outrages. For instance, the insurance major named AIG was nearly shattered because of bad business performance and abundant remuneration scales. It was seen that AIG had paid almost 165 million USD of bonus amount to 400 employees in London. In Wall Street, the bankers gave themselves almost 20 billion USD as bonus in the year 2008 even when the economy was decelerating down. The government also expended huge money to assist the financial institutions. It was alleged that this type of ignorance for the expenditure and the outcomes of the managers’ actions have generated the eco nomic crisis. The ethnicity, customs, spawned managerial remuneration plan with incentive that promote the unnecessary risk taking had given light to the economic crisis. The laws and regulations along with corporate boards were highly criticized for autonomous management of organizations. (Thompson, 2009). Excessive Managerial Remuneration in the USA Several reports stated that excessive managerial remuneration in the USA has taken overwhelming economic levy in American society and intimidated the control in corporate sector, government and nonprofit area and created volatility in the economy. It has been observed that average employees in the USA need to work hard for a whole year to generate one day’s salary of most of the CEOs listed in the Fortune 500’. The gap between the lowest and maximum salary was extending. This salary inequality has endangered the basis of the USA democracy, management, and produced situation for financial instability. According to the repo rt of ‘United for a Fair Economy’ (UFE), the CEOs in the big companies get almost 10.8 million USD as total remuneration, which is 364 times higher compared to the average American employees. The amount excludes the cost of bonuses and stocks and if included the amount will increase to a

Commercial Free Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Commercial Free Speech - Essay Example Emphasis is placed on the problem of spam on the commercial free speech. The argument in relation to the ethical agreement of commercial spam emphasizes upon the moral standard in terms of the freedom of expression among individuals. Globally the freedom of expression among individuals is protected as a result of the benefits that are associated with the application of freedom of expression. Thus, freedom of expression is an important requisite in a liberal democratic state. The freedom of expression entails commercial forms of expression such as the use of spam (Spinello, 2006). Spam should therefore be protected as a commercial free speech. This is attributed to the fact that if the use of such spams are not protected various contents that can be considered as harmful may be consumed by individuals. This protection will therefore entail various forms of restrictions that will ensure that only credible form of information is consumed by the audience. Various countries such as China and United States have engaged in some form of restriction of spam as a commercial free speech in order to take care of such contents such as pornography (Rooksby, 2007). However, there are enough reasons in relation to the fact that commercial expression should not be protected as a form of free speech among individuals. Commercial expressions in its essence do not promote truth as an essential aspect in free speech or freedom of expression. Furthermore, spams are not known to promote the beliefs or opinions of individuals in the freedom of expression. Thus, the use of spam as a commercial expression should not be protection as it does not promote truth in its expression (Rooksby, 2007). Additionally, citizens of any particular state have a right in regards to freedom of expression. This right to liberty therefore guarantees an individual with a right to

Essays on Jacksons Lottery: Dangers of Blind Obedience Exposed

Dangers of Blind Obedience Exposed in The Lottery      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most of us obey every day without a thought. People follow company dress code, state and federal laws and the assumed rules of courtesy. Those who do disobey are usually frowned upon or possibly even reprimanded. But has it even occurred to you that in some cases, disobedience may be the better course to choose? In her speech "Group Minds," Doris Lessing discusses these dangers of obedience, which are demonstrated in Shirley Jackson's short story "The Lottery."    In "The Lottery," the villagers portray Lessing's observation that "it is the hardest thing in the world to maintain an individual dissident opinion, as a member of a group" (334). The villagers also show, in a rather dramatic fashion, how being a blind follower of a group can be dangerous. As Lessing points out "the majority will continue to insist and after a period of exasperation the minority will fall into line"(334). This very sentiment is an enormous part of the inherent dangers of obeying a group.    The group behavior in "The Lottery" w...

A Thousand Reasons to Smile Essay

When life gives you a hundred reasons to cry, show life that you have a thousand reasons to smile. Whether it is through pain or laughter, life has an interesting way of teaching people lessons of strength and growth. When life throws a difficult task in our paths, we all have the opportunity to grow and become better individuals. Through pain and sorrow I have learned to look at life with a new perspective. My life changed that dreadful day when I was faced with the shock and undeniable truth of my little brother’s death. It was the hot month of June, 2006. The days were getting hotter and hotter and every day the news reported the lack of rain and record high temperatures. I woke up that morning with an overwhelming feeling of joy from a dream that I had of being with God. I had a conversation with him, and all I remember was him telling me how great of a person I was and how much he loved me. That feeling of joy was suddenly interrupted by a phone call from my mom. It felt like my heart stopped beating even before the first words came out of her mouth, â€Å"Your brother was in a car accident last night and is in serious condition†, she said, her voice shaky. She couldn’t hold back the tears. My world stopped and a black cloud covered my sky. I can still remember the pain that I felt that day. The fear of losing my only brother immediately took over me, and hearing my mom’s weeping voice on the other end of the phone broke my heart that much more. The dawn broke and so did our hearts, as the news came of my brother’s passing. He was gone. Gone with the blink of an eye. I became angry at the world and especially at my little brother, who had made an unwise decision that night to go out drinking and driving. For months I went through a period of depression, denying myself of life, just as life had denied my brother of the rest of his. There is an appointment in every disappointment in our lives. This phrase was one of the main encouragements of my life at that time; and explains the overwhelming feeling of happiness that life is offering me right now. Seven years has gone by since my brother passed away, and ironically on the day that he would turn twenty seven years old, I decided to get my hair cut, which was getting uncomfortably long for my taste. I sat straight up in the seat and nervously waited for the woman to start buzzing away at my cut, I was nervous because my wife was at home, about to take the test to determine our future, perhaps forever. If it’s negative, she’ll just text me. If its positive. . . with that, my cell phone started vibrating violently in my jeans pocket. Startled, I answered it. â€Å"Hello?† I asked, even though I knew it was my wife. â€Å"We are pregnant!† she screamed excitedly. Needless to say, I ran out of that Super Cuts, all of a sudden not caring w hether my cut was long or short. I am going to be a father. No, I am going to be a daddy. The emotions are indescribable as I imagine my future son kicking a soccer ball towards me, or my future daughter insisting we have a tea party. The joy is overwhelming when I think of how the love my wife and I share will soon be multiplied the day our baby arrives. We spend countless moments discussing what we think our child will look like, and then we laugh the discussions away by saying â€Å"as long as he or she is healthy†, which sounded like a clichà © to us before we were expecting, but now is a concerning reality. But not even that could overshadow the happiness that we were experiencing as the new life was growing daily. The same day we found out, I called my mom’s house. She answered the phone on the first ring. Her tired and frail voice told the story of what our family had gone through 7 years before. I cleared my throat, anxious to deliver the news. â€Å"You’re going to be a grandmother!† I exclaimed. Her voice shook with tears, tears of unmistakable joy this time around. Her excitement spilled over the phone and I was overwhelmed with tears to be able to deliver the news: the news of a new life, especially to the woman that had given life to me. It is funny to me that the same tears that stream down our faces can come from tragedy but can also come from overwhelming happiness. I have experienced both, and believe that each and every one of us will at some point in our lives. It is how we allow those experiences to shape our perspectives that will vary from person to person. Life gave me a hundred reasons to cry that fateful day in June, and that’s exactly what I did. But I allowed the grieving process to teach me to never take a day of life in this world for granted. I learned to always tell those in my life that I love them, to never hold grudges, to live in peace, to see the best in people and all circumstances, and to look at the world with an appreciative attitude. I plan to share this perspective with my baby, who is due this coming September 2013. I will always tell him or her, â€Å"You are not only a hundred, but a million reasons to smile.†

What Is the Worlds Strongest Superacid

You may be thinking the acid in the alien blood in the popular movie is pretty far-fetched, but the truth is, theres is an acid that is even more corrosive! Learn about the words strongest superacid: fluoroantimonic acid.   Strongest Superacid The worlds strongest superacid is fluoroantimonic acid, HSbF6. It is formed by mixing hydrogen fluoride (HF) and antimony pentafluoride (SbF5). Various mixtures produce the superacid, but mixing equal ratios of the two acids produces the strongest superacid known to man. Properties of Fluoroantimonic Acid Superacid Rapidly and explosively decomposes upon contact with water. Because of this property, fluoroantimonic acid cannot be used in aqueous solution. It is only used in a solution of hydrofluoric acid.Evolves highly toxic vapors. As the temperature is increased, fluoroantimonic acid decomposes and generates hydrogen fluoride gas (hydrofluoric acid).Fluoroantimonic acid is 2Ãâ€"1019 (20 quintillion) times stronger than 100% sulfuric acid. Fluoroantimonic acid has a H0 (Hammett acidity function) value of -31.3.Dissolves glass and many other materials and protonates nearly all organic compounds (such as everything in your body). This acid is stores in PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) containers. What Is It Used For? If its so toxic and dangerous, why would anyone want to have fluoroantimonic acid? The answer lies in its extreme properties. Fluoroantimonic acid is used in chemical engineering and organic chemistry to protonate organic compounds, regardless of their solvent. For example, the acid can be used to remove H2 from isobutane and methane from neopentane. It is used as a catalyst for alkylations and acylations in petrochemistry. Superacids in general are used to synthesize and characterize carbocations. Reaction Between Hydrofluoric Acid and Antimony Pentafluoride The reaction between hydrogen fluoride and antimony pentrafluoride that forms fluoroantimonic acid is exothermic. HF SbF5 → H SbF6- The hydrogen ion (proton) attaches to the fluorine via a very weak dipolar bond. The weak bond accounts for the extreme acidity of fluoroantimonic acid, allowing the proton to jump between anion clusters. What Make Fluoroantimonic Acid a Superacid? A superacid is any acid that is stronger than pure sulfuric acid, H2SO4. By stronger, it means a superacid donates more protons or hydrogen ions in water or has a Hammet acidity function H0 lower than -12. The Hammet acidity function for fluorantimonic acid is H0 -28. Other Superacids Other superacids include the carborane superacids [e.g.,  H(CHB11Cl11)] and fluorosulfuric acid (HFSO3). The carborane superacids may be considered the worlds strongest solo acid, as fluoroantimonic acid is actually a mixture of hydrofluoric acid and antimony pentafluoride. Carborane has a pH value of -18. Unlike fluorosulfuric acid and fluoroantimonic acid, the carborane acids are so noncorrosive that they may be handled with bare skin. Teflon, the non-stick coating often found on cookware, may contain carborante. The carborane acids are also relatively uncommon, so its unlikely a chemistry student would encounter one of them. Strongest Superacid Key Takeaways A superacid has an acidity greater than that of pure sulfuric acid.The worlds strongest superacid is fluoroantimonic acid.Fluoroantimonic acid is a mixture of hydrofluoric acid and antimony pentafluoride.The carbonane superacids are the strongest solo acids. Sources Hall NF, Conant JB (1927). A Study of Superacid Solutions. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 49 (12): 3062ndash, 70. doi:10.1021/ja01411a010Herlem, Michel (1977). Are reactions in superacid media due to protons or to powerful oxidising species such as SO3 or SbF5?. Pure and Applied Chemistry. 49: 107–113. doi:10.1351/pac197749010107

Office Administration - 1449 Words

Student Name: Karina Francis Student Number: Center Number: 100121 School: Titchfield High School Territory: Jamaica Date Submitted: January 23, 2012 Teacher: Mrs. P. Thompson – Flemmings Topic: An investigation of the effectiveness of the auditing procedures used in the accounting office at the Portland Parish Council. Name Page Acknowledgement 1 Title 2 Aims 3 Functions 4 Letter of Correspondence 5 Methodology 6 Questions Asked 7 Schedule of Activities 8 Regulations and Policies 9 Report 10-11 Office Equipment 12 Interview questions 14†¦show more content†¦| January 16, 2012 | Visited the organizationAnd also held an interview via telephone between me and the Internal Auditor of the organization | This was done in approximately 30 minutes where it did notTake up too much of the interviewer’s time or the interviewee. It went very smoothly | January 17, 2012 | Wrote regulations and policies | I this was done in a quick time asI had all the necessary information | January 18, 2012 | Wrote report and Completed the SBA | I found this to be a bit challenging | Legislation The Portland Parish Council follows the Factories Act of 1961 states that every window, door or other exit affording means of escape in case of fire or given access there to other than the means of exit in ordinary use, shall be distinctively and conspicuously marked by a notice printed in adequate size. The researcher was aware of this by interviewing members of the organization. Health and Safety Practice One of the health and safety practices carried out that was observed was that there was a fire extinguisher placed on every floor in the work place, mounted on a wall where it was at easy access to every employee. Staff Rules One staff rule in which all employees had to comply with is that there should be no excessive or loud talking in the work place during working hours. On visiting the organization I was instructed to put my phone on silentShow MoreRelatedOffice Administration1298 Words   |  6 PagesFunctions of the relevant department 1. Liaising with advertising entities internal and external to the office. 2. Advertising and publishing. Aims of the project * The Aim of the project is to analyse the importance of the marketing department within the organization. * To find out the function and the role of the marketing department within the organization. Question of the marketing Department * What is the importance ofRead MoreNvq2 Business and Administration Unit 2 Assessment Equipment Use in an Office. Vision 2learn958 Words   |  4 PagesDescribe the main types of equipment found in offices and how they are used. Include examples of at least three different types of office equipment. 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I would like toRead MoreExamples Of Office Administration1061 Words   |  5 PagesExperience Office Aid Lakota High School Office: Kansas, Ohio 2016-2017 †¢ I was the third arm of the office team at my high school. †¢ I answered the phone, took messages, made copies, distributed mail, watched the office, ran errands, and did any of the oddball jobs that the full-time secretaries did not have time for. †¢ I ultimately was a person who tried to help to calm the delightfully hectic world of a high school office. Library Aid Lakota Local School’s Media Center: Kansas, Ohio 2015-2016Read MoreOffice Administration Thesis11471 Words   |  46 Pagesdocumenting effectiveness (Lehr, Hansen, Sinclair, amp; Christenson, 2003). The resources required for program implementation in terms of time, staff, and dollars point to the need for clear evidence of effectiveness. 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The scope of this strategic plan covers the activities of the office of Payr oll Administration for the years running from the year 2010 through to 2012. Of relevance and in relation to the payroll programs for the three years stipulated in the plan include, catering for employees pay, providing payment for holiday as stipulated

Annotated Bibliography Ocean Acidification - 2349 Words

Jun Hong Robin Yap EN 102 Professor J. Gillian 11/11/14 Annotated Bibliography: Ocean Acidification â€Å"What Is Ocean Exploration and Why Is It Important?† NOAA Ocean Explorer Podcast RSS. 24 July 2014. Web. 30 October 2014. http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/backmatter/whatisexploration.html. Presented in an informal style of writing, â€Å"What Is Ocean Exploration and Why Is It Important?† inform its readers about the importance of researching and discovering the unknown ocean. It explains how much work is needed for the documentation of the ocean in varies areas, at the same time it addresses that scientist will be able to better understand the unknown oceans. For example, the time needed to obtain and study the result, as well as answer how the change in atmosphere will cause the ocean to react and affect life. The information obtain will also provide the baseline for scientist, researcher and government agencies to make important and dangerous decisions for the future. Sometime during research amazing things happen and new resources may be revealed. Besides informing about the ocean researching, the article also has a background idea as it is trying to encourage and get its readers interested into joining the field of ocean researching by emphasizing the ro le the ocean plays and how it will help ensure that ocean resources are well managed for future generations to enjoy. The source uses personal reflection as evidence to support its ideas. For instance, the author willShow MoreRelatedWhy Are Shark Numbers? Decline And What Is The Potential Effect On Eco Systems?1927 Words   |  8 Pageseco-system will be discussed as well as the uses of sharks by humans. The research discussed shows some of the physiological effects of acidification and warming of the ocean. The way in which a reduction in shark numbers affects an eco-system is not yet fully understood but researchers have a fair degree of certainty about what will occur. Keywords: Global warming, acidification, carbon dioxide, over-fishing, Apex predators, prey Introduction Shark populations continue to decline for of a number of reasons